The original author: PoopmanTranslated by: BlockBeatsEditor's note:Cryptocurrency researcher Poopman provides an in-depth analysis of Celestia's core mechanism and future potential in this article. The article mainly focuses on Celestia as a modular data availability (DA) layer, detailing its working principle, data availability sampling (DAS), namespace Merkle tree (NMT), and other key technologies, emphasizing Celestia's advantages in solving the problem of increasing processing costs with the growth of on-chain activities in the overall blockchain. In addition, the article introduces Celestia's future development direction, including quantum gravity bridge and Cevmos, and explains why Poopman believes that TIA, as its native token, has a reasonable market value target of over 2 billion US dollars.

In the overall blockchain, as on-chain activities increase, processing costs also increase. Celestia solves the scalability problem through a modular data availability (DA) network, maintaining relatively stable verification costs.

In this article, I will discuss the following 7 aspects:  

1. What exactly is Celestia?

2. Holistic VS Modular

What is Data Availability (DA)?

4. Data Availability Sampling (DAS)

5. Namespace Merkle Trees (NMTs)

6. Celestia's three major job designs

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7. The use of TIA and the future of Celestia.

Celestia究竟是什么？

Celestia, what is it?

Celestia is a modular DA layer that allows applications/Rollups to be deployed on top of Celestia's existing DA and consensus layers. Therefore, applications can focus on their own execution while leaving DA and consensus work to Celestia. To better understand this, it is necessary to understand the basics of data availability (DA), holistic and modular networks.

Whole System VS Modularization 

Overall approach: In blockchain networks such as Solana or Avalanche, a full node must perform all four responsibilities of the blockchain, including execution, settlement, data availability (DA), and consensus.  

However, with the increase of network traffic, the network burden is also increasing, making transaction fees more expensive.

In order to solve this problem, modularized blockchain decomposes the network into several independent modules, while providing flexibility for different modules to upgrade and independently handle tasks. For example, Celestia only handles DA and consensus layers, while Dapp is responsible for handling execution, etc.

Data Availability (DA) - What is it?

Data availability (DA) refers to the accessibility of transaction data for nodes to view or download in a network. DA also needs to ensure that transaction data is not subject to malicious attacks. If block proposers only publish block headers without publishing transaction data in the block, this situation may occur.

In order to prevent malicious transactions, blockchain typically requires full nodes to download, verify, and store all data from the network. However, this design presents three challenges:

1. Greatly reduce throughput.

2. Sacrificing efficiency

3. Increased the threshold for running a full node.

In order to solve these problems, some off-chain methods can "reduce the burden" on the network by storing transaction data elsewhere. Common off-chain solutions include:

1. Data Availability Committee (DAC);

2. Data Availability Network (DAN).

Among all the DANs, Celestia is the most popular choice. Celestia is a modular DA layer consisting of two important features:

1. Data Availability Sampling (DAS);

2. Namespace Merkle Tree (NMT).

Data Availability Sampling (DAS)

2. Cevmos 

TIA