Cointime

Download App
iOS & Android

Vitalik: Ethereum to Complete Major Third Iteration in Next 5 Years, Quantum Resistance and Privacy as Primary Goals

On July 5, Vitalik Buterin announced that Ethereum researchers finalized the 'Streamlined Ethereum' roadmap during a conference in Berlin. This is not a one-time upgrade but a series of forks over the next 3 to 4 years (starting from 'I-star'), which will mark the third major era of Ethereum, almost replacing all core components. Core changes include: verification shifting from direct execution to recursive STARK; consensus introducing 1-2 rounds of finality for faster and safer transactions; multi-dimensional Gas pricing; and a complete replacement of existing solutions with quantum-resistant cryptography. The most disruptive change is the state model—current dynamic states only expand to about 2TB, while introducing new scalable states like UTXO and circular buffers, with a total scale reaching up to 100TB, suitable for ERC20/NFT/DeFi, potentially reducing transaction fees by over 10 times after the rewrite; complex applications (like Uniswap pools) will retain the old state without mandatory migration. However, the issue of who will store the 100TB state and the associated incentives has become a new focus of research. Privacy upgrades are now a primary design goal, with all new components needing to support quantum-resistant, intermediary-free privacy transactions. Formal verification will be fully implemented, and there is exploration into introducing RISC-V or leanISA as the underlying VM for the protocol, with EVM potentially becoming a feature at the compilation layer in the future. In terms of scalability metrics, Gas limits, Blob capacity, and block times will be increased multiple times over the next 5 years, with the Glasterdam fork set to significantly raise Gas limits first. In the order of forks, H-star (Hegota) will be the last 'pre-streamlined' fork, after which Ethereum will fully enter the streamlined era. Through this complex yet smooth transition, Ethereum is moving towards a quantum-resistant, massively scalable, privacy-first new network while maximizing the protection of existing applications. This cautious disruption over the next five years has officially begun.

Comments

All Comments

Recommended for you

  • BTC Falls Below $82,000

    Market data shows that BTC has fallen below $82,000, currently priced at $81,984.48, with a 24-hour decline of 2.01%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.
  • BTC Drops Below $83,000

    Market data shows that BTC has fallen below $83,000, currently priced at $83,015.81, with a 24-hour decline of 0.46%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.
  • ETH Surpasses $2500

    Market data shows that ETH has surpassed $2500, currently priced at $2500.4, with a 24-hour decline of 0.23%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.
  • Standard Chartered Launches Cryptocurrency Trading Service in UAE for High-Net-Worth Clients

    On October 14, Standard Chartered announced the launch of a cryptocurrency trading service in the UAE aimed at high-net-worth clients, having obtained the relevant license from the Dubai Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA). Eligible clients can buy and sell BTC and ETH directly through their existing Standard Chartered accounts without the need for independent wallets or third-party trading platforms, with the bank responsible for asset custody and transaction settlement. This service is launched in partnership with Zodia Markets and is initially available only to professional investors in the UAE, with plans to expand to other markets in the future. Standard Chartered stated that this is the first direct cryptocurrency trading service offered to wealth management clients and the first of its kind by an international bank in the UAE.
  • US Spot Bitcoin ETF Sees Net Inflow of $175.7 Million Yesterday

    On October 14, according to monitoring data from Farside Investors, the US spot Bitcoin ETF saw a net inflow of $175.7 million yesterday.
  • US Spot Ethereum ETF Sees Net Inflow of $24.8 Million Yesterday

    On October 14, according to monitoring data from Farside Investors, the US spot Ethereum ETF experienced a net inflow of $24.8 million yesterday.
  • Solana to Launch Alpenglow Upgrade on October 21, Aiming for 150 Milliseconds Transaction Finality

    On October 14, Solana announced that the Alpenglow upgrade will officially activate on October 21 at approximately 14:50 UTC. This upgrade will replace the existing TowerBFT consensus with the Votor consensus. After the upgrade, the median transaction finality time is expected to be around 150 milliseconds, compared to the current value of approximately 12.8 seconds. The upgrade supports single-slot migration without the need for node restarts; it will also remove validator voting information from blocks, reducing operational costs. Even if the actual on-chain usage remains unchanged, statistics indicate that the total number of transactions reported is likely to decrease significantly. The current price of SOL is around $107, and there has not been a noticeable market reaction yet. From a narrative perspective, this upgrade is beneficial for Solana's speed and scalability story; however, Solana has experienced multiple network outages in the past, and this upgrade carries execution risks, serving as a potential warning signal.
  • South Korea Plans to Release Cryptocurrency Tax Guidelines Next Month

    On October 14, according to Yonhap News Agency, South Korea plans to release cryptocurrency tax guidelines next month in preparation for the cryptocurrency taxation policy set to be implemented in January 2027. Local traders in South Korea have been petitioning for a delay in the implementation of the tax policy, citing that the current regulations are not clear enough and the supporting infrastructure is still not fully developed.
  • Michael Saylor: New Bull Market Has Started, Bitcoin Expected to Surpass $100,000 Again

    On October 14, Michael Saylor, co-founder and Executive Chairman of Strategy, stated in an interview that Bitcoin has rebounded from its bottom and is expected to break through $100,000 again. He believes that Bitcoin previously bottomed out just below $60,000 and has now risen to the $80,000 range, with further increases anticipated. Saylor noted that improvements in the regulatory environment and banks accelerating their adoption of Bitcoin are driving the market into a new bull phase. He expects that in the coming years, Bitcoin's long-term annualized growth rate will reach 20% to 30%, and Strategy may increase its Bitcoin purchases during the bull market and issue more securities to fund these acquisitions. Additionally, regarding MSCI's consideration to adjust index rules and potentially exclude companies primarily engaged in accumulating assets from global stock indices, Saylor expressed opposition, arguing that such a move could set a negative precedent for the digital asset industry. MSCI is expected to announce its decision this Friday. Last November, JPMorgan estimated that if Strategy were excluded, it could face a risk of up to $2.8 billion in capital outflows.
  • Fed's Williams: One More Rate Hike This Year is Appropriate, No Need for Hikes in 2027

    On October 14, Federal Reserve's Williams stated that one more rate hike this year is appropriate; currently, he believes there is no need for rate hikes in 2027. There are no signs that the labor market is driving inflation, and apart from the AI and energy sectors, no widespread price pressures are observed in other areas.