Cointime

Download App
iOS & Android

Three Levers of the Core Network

Validated Media

Core is designed to be nimble and user-oriented. Given the multitude of variables at play in early market formation, it is valuable to highlight three particular levers or switches in the protocol’s design. The three levers govern:

  1. What to do with early CORE token rewards received by the DAO.
  2. What CORE’s burn rate should be.
  3. What quantity of CORE tokens should the Treasury delegate to validators.

These three levers are currently operating under default settings, yet are designed with a variable future in mind for Core community decisions.

1. Recycling Early Token Rewards

Some of the early validator rewards were recycled into DAO controlled addresses:

  • Early Genesis Validator rewards and staking rewards were sent to the default fee address.
  • DAO Validator rewards were collected to separate fee addresses.
  • A limited number of CORE tokens (currently ~2,000,000) are currently reserved in the default fee address so that they can be used for various partners and ecosystem projects.

In summary, many early CORE token rewards are currently residing in DAO addresses. The lever in this case is determining what to do with these CORE tokens. The default setting is to recycle them into validator rewards in order to reward those who are securing the Core network. The Core protocol is designed with the flexibility whereby the community can change this policy from the current settings to perhaps burn these tokens, distribute them to CORE holders, or use them for other purposes.

2. Burn Rate

As illustrated in the whitepaper, Core is designed so that a percentage of block rewards and transaction fees can be burned, increasing the scarcity of CORE tokens in circulation. Ultimately, on-chain community governance controls the lever determining the exact percentage. Initially, and for a period of time, rewards to be burned were transferred to the DAO treasury system contract, but have since been burned following the passing of proposal 11. Additionally, forfeited staking rewards (from stakers failing to fulfill their role for the allotted 24 hours) have been burned. As for transaction fees, the lever is currently defaulted to 10% burn.

3. Staking Market Stability

The quantity of CORE tokens that the Treasury delegates to validators is the third lever and relates to early network sustainability. In order for the Core network to maintain homeostasis, Core’s on-chain economics must stabilize, particularly with regards to staking rewards. When staking rewards are fickle and spiky, they may interfere with the stability of the CORE token and network as a whole.

Due to the variance of staking rewards during early market formation, the Core DAO Treasury has been designed with the capability of delegating CORE to validators in order to moderate staking rewards. Balancing the reward stabilization lever, Core DAO may continue to stake more CORE until the reward rate becomes perpetually sustainable in line with other major L1s utilizing proof of stake consensus. Note that as the DAO accrues rewards from its staked CORE, the staking rewards are to be recycled into the unused validator rewards pool. The stable and uniform increases in staked CORE should balance the incentives of Core’s end users to both stake the token and use it for other network functions.

Comments

All Comments

Recommended for you

  • BTC Surpasses $74,000

    Market data shows that BTC has surpassed $74,000, currently priced at $74,011.04, with a 24-hour decline of 0.35%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.

  • First Windows PCs with NVIDIA Chips Expected to Debut Next Week

    On May 30, Axios reported that sources indicate NVIDIA is set to enter the personal computer market, with the first Windows PCs featuring its chips as the main processors expected to be unveiled next week. NVIDIA and Microsoft will showcase their collaborative results and the initial PCs equipped with these chips at two major industry events: Computex in Taipei and the Microsoft Build Developer Conference. Sources suggest that PCs with NVIDIA chips are likely to appear in Microsoft's Surface brand as well as products from other manufacturers, including Dell. Microsoft is also expected to launch software that will allow users to more easily run AI agents locally on Windows PCs.

  • This Week, US Spot Bitcoin ETFs Experience Net Outflows of $1.4156 Billion

    On May 30, according to Farside monitoring, US spot Bitcoin ETFs experienced cumulative net outflows of $1.4156 billion this week. This includes: IBIT with net outflows of $966.3 million; GBTC with net outflows of $172 million; FBTC with net outflows of $169.1 million; BITB with net outflows of $46.3 million; ARKB with net outflows of $24.7 million; MSBT with net outflows of $1 million; and Grayscale BTC with net outflows of $33 million.

  • US Oil Giant Predicts Higher Oil Prices This Summer

    On May 30, according to CCTV Finance, during a conference hosted by investment firm Bernstein, Chevron CEO Mike Wirth stated that due to the situation in Iran, global crude oil inventories are continuously declining, and oil prices are likely to rise in the next two months. The Financial Times reported that Wirth's remarks reflect widespread concerns: even if the conflicting parties reach a ceasefire agreement, the negative impact of the conflict on energy prices will persist for months. Additionally, CNN reported on the 28th that due to the ongoing geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East, the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve is declining at a rare pace not seen in recent years, and commercial crude oil inventories are also at low levels.

  • S&P 500 Index Set for Rare Nine-Week Winning Streak

    On May 29, hopes that a ceasefire agreement could bring an end to the Middle East conflict have propelled the U.S. stock market towards a rare weekly winning streak record, with a surge in artificial intelligence trading also boosting the market. The S&P 500 index has rebounded nearly 20% from the lows triggered by the war and is poised for its ninth consecutive week of gains, marking the longest winning streak since December 2023. Such a rare occurrence has only happened a few times since 1985. On Friday, the index edged higher, hovering near record highs.

  • Grayscale to Introduce $115 Million HYPE Token Seed Funding for Hyperliquid Staking ETF

    On May 29, Finance Feeds reported that Grayscale is in talks with Hyper Holdings Global LP to sell shares of its proposed Hyperliquid ETF in exchange for approximately 2 million HYPE tokens, valued at about $115 million at current prices, to serve as seed capital before the fund's listing. At the same time, Grayscale has renamed the product to 'Grayscale Hyperliquid Staking ETF', which is set to be listed on NASDAQ under the ticker HYPG. The new staking feature distinguishes it from a traditional spot ETF that solely tracks token prices.

  • BTC Falls Below $73,000

    Market data shows that BTC has fallen below $73,000, currently priced at $72,999.33, with a 24-hour decline of 0.4%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.

  • Spot Gold Reaches $4,550/oz, Up 1.20% for the Day

    Spot gold has reached $4,550 per ounce, rising 1.20% for the day.

  • S&P 500 Technology Sector Hits Record High, Up 1.7%

    On May 29, it was reported that the S&P 500 technology sector has reached a historic high, currently up 1.7%.

  • U.S. Stock Indices Open Slightly Higher; Dell Rises Over 30%

    On May 29, U.S. stocks opened with the three major indices slightly higher, with the Dow Jones up 0.18%, the S&P 500 up 0.09%, and the Nasdaq up 0.16%. Dell (DELL.N) surged over 30% as its first-quarter earnings exceeded expectations. Stocks of AI server manufacturers also rose, with Super Micro Computer (SMCI.O) up over 7% and HP (HPQ.N) up over 6%.