Cointime

Download App
iOS & Android

Three Levers of the Core Network

Validated Media

Core is designed to be nimble and user-oriented. Given the multitude of variables at play in early market formation, it is valuable to highlight three particular levers or switches in the protocol’s design. The three levers govern:

  1. What to do with early CORE token rewards received by the DAO.
  2. What CORE’s burn rate should be.
  3. What quantity of CORE tokens should the Treasury delegate to validators.

These three levers are currently operating under default settings, yet are designed with a variable future in mind for Core community decisions.

1. Recycling Early Token Rewards

Some of the early validator rewards were recycled into DAO controlled addresses:

  • Early Genesis Validator rewards and staking rewards were sent to the default fee address.
  • DAO Validator rewards were collected to separate fee addresses.
  • A limited number of CORE tokens (currently ~2,000,000) are currently reserved in the default fee address so that they can be used for various partners and ecosystem projects.

In summary, many early CORE token rewards are currently residing in DAO addresses. The lever in this case is determining what to do with these CORE tokens. The default setting is to recycle them into validator rewards in order to reward those who are securing the Core network. The Core protocol is designed with the flexibility whereby the community can change this policy from the current settings to perhaps burn these tokens, distribute them to CORE holders, or use them for other purposes.

2. Burn Rate

As illustrated in the whitepaper, Core is designed so that a percentage of block rewards and transaction fees can be burned, increasing the scarcity of CORE tokens in circulation. Ultimately, on-chain community governance controls the lever determining the exact percentage. Initially, and for a period of time, rewards to be burned were transferred to the DAO treasury system contract, but have since been burned following the passing of proposal 11. Additionally, forfeited staking rewards (from stakers failing to fulfill their role for the allotted 24 hours) have been burned. As for transaction fees, the lever is currently defaulted to 10% burn.

3. Staking Market Stability

The quantity of CORE tokens that the Treasury delegates to validators is the third lever and relates to early network sustainability. In order for the Core network to maintain homeostasis, Core’s on-chain economics must stabilize, particularly with regards to staking rewards. When staking rewards are fickle and spiky, they may interfere with the stability of the CORE token and network as a whole.

Due to the variance of staking rewards during early market formation, the Core DAO Treasury has been designed with the capability of delegating CORE to validators in order to moderate staking rewards. Balancing the reward stabilization lever, Core DAO may continue to stake more CORE until the reward rate becomes perpetually sustainable in line with other major L1s utilizing proof of stake consensus. Note that as the DAO accrues rewards from its staked CORE, the staking rewards are to be recycled into the unused validator rewards pool. The stable and uniform increases in staked CORE should balance the incentives of Core’s end users to both stake the token and use it for other network functions.

Comments

All Comments

Recommended for you

  • BTC Falls Below $78,000

    Market data shows that BTC has fallen below $78,000, currently priced at $77,993.28, with a 24-hour increase of 1.09%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.

  • U.S. Storage Stocks Weaken, SanDisk and Seagate Drop Over 4%

    On September 11, U.S. storage stocks weakened, with SanDisk and Seagate dropping over 4%. Western Digital fell by more than 2%, while Micron Technology and SK Hynix saw declines of less than 1%.

  • US Crypto Stocks Surge, Strategy Up 5.71%

    On September 11, during intraday trading, US crypto-related stocks saw widespread gains, with Strategy (MSTR) rising 5.71%; Coinbase (COIN) up 5.34%; Circle (CRCL) increasing by 5.23%; SharpLink Gaming (SBET) climbing 10.32%; MARA Holdings (MARA) up 6.69%; and BitMine Immersion (BMNR) rising 9.01%.

  • Grayscale: Zcash Mining Profits 2-4 Times Higher than Bitcoin with Hashrate Growth Exceeding 2.5 Times This Year

    According to Grayscale's research director Zach Pandl, Zcash mining profits have surged significantly due to the strong performance of ZEC prices. Data shows that the total daily miner rewards on the Bitcoin network are approximately $35 million, while for Zcash, it is about $2 million. However, the daily earnings per mining machine for Zcash are about twice that of Bitcoin, with earnings per megawatt-hour being approximately four times higher, even surpassing some AI/high-performance computing cloud services. The high profits have driven an increase in mining activities, with Zcash's total hashrate growing over 2.5 times this year, creating a virtuous cycle of 'rising coin prices → increased mining → enhanced network security → supporting coin prices.' The calculations are based on an electricity price of $0.05 per kilowatt-hour and the Bitmain Z15 Pro mining machine operating at full capacity, with data as of September 9.

  • ETH Surpasses $2600

    Market data shows that ETH has surpassed $2600, currently priced at $2601.32, with a 24-hour increase of 7.27%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.

  • BTC Surpasses $79,100

    Market data shows that BTC has surpassed $79,100, currently priced at $79,150, with a 24-hour increase of 2.53%. The market is experiencing significant volatility, so please ensure proper risk management.

  • BTC Surpasses $79,000

    Market data shows that BTC has surpassed $79,000, currently priced at $79,012, with a 24-hour increase of 2.37%. Due to significant market fluctuations, please ensure proper risk management.

  • U.S. Optical Communication Stocks Surge, Coherent Rises Over 3%

    On September 11, U.S. optical communication stocks collectively surged, with Viavi Solutions, Amphenol, Coherent, AXT Inc, and Lumen Technologies rising over 3%. Additionally, Qioptiq, Applied Optoelectronics, and Ciena increased by more than 2%, while MaxLinear and Corning saw gains of over 1%.

  • Canadian MP Urges Trump: Relax Tariffs to Help U.S. Combat Inflation with Canadian Oil and Minerals

    On September 11, Pierre Poilievre, leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, stated that Canada possesses abundant oil and mineral resources that could help alleviate inflationary pressures in the United States, but the Trump administration needs to relax its tariff policies against Canada. Poilievre strongly promoted Canada's 'affordable energy' and mentioned that he has discussed establishing a 'strategic mineral and oil national reserve' with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney for allies to use in times of need. Poilievre said, 'By strengthening trade with Canada, we can lower your cost of living. We can ensure that in the event of future conflicts—hopefully never occurring—we have ample supplies while also restoring the industrial base across the North American continent. But this must be achieved through cooperation.'

  • Iran's Foreign Ministry: Regional Meeting of Gulf Countries Scheduled for Next Monday

    On September 11, Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Baghaei announced plans for a regional meeting involving Gulf coastal countries. This meeting represents a significant development, with hopes that it will enhance mutual understanding among regional nations and contribute to strengthening regional security. Iran, Iraq, and other Gulf coastal countries will participate in this meeting, which will take place next Monday in Oman. In addition to other regional issues, the participants will discuss the outcomes of negotiations between Iran and Oman regarding the establishment of a safe commercial shipping corridor in the Strait of Hormuz. The Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman also mentioned a previous agreement between Iran and Oman on a temporary shipping corridor in the Strait of Hormuz, emphasizing Iran's commitment to taking action to ensure the safety of shipping in the Strait. However, he stated that as long as the U.S. acts aggressively and interferes illegally, including through maritime blockades and economic warfare, the safety of shipping in the Strait of Hormuz cannot be guaranteed.