Cointime

Download App
iOS & Android

Modular Blockchains Are the Future

Validated Individual Expert

You are going to be filthy rich if you understand what I’m going to explain to you now in this article.

A new trend is breaking down the barriers of technology and creating the first truly powerful blockchain solutions.

May I present to you… okay, okay, I know you know it doesn’t work like that.

There’s no secret sauce to becoming rich with Crypto. Sadly for us, in the extremely risky world of Crypto, predicting what the future looks like is the million-dollar question.

The truth? Nobody knows.

But if you’re capable of understanding the technology driving innovation, your chances of making it are suddenly much, much higher.

For that matter, my role here is to delve into the complex world and minds of the geniuses working in the blockchain industry and their technicalities to cut through the noise and hand to you, in an understandable, digested way what those changing the world around us are doing.

And when it comes to blockchain, many smart kids in the space are screaming one word from the top of their lungs.

The duality between making money or creating something useful

The biggest problem with Crypto innovation is that the innovation that really matters is much less attractive, from an economic perspective, than creating yet another stupid coin that, although it provides no value, can be easily used in Ponzi-like structures that pump up in price pretty quickly.

They are glorified get-rich-quick schemes… but for founders, not for investors.

Therefore, as founders and developers aren’t in Crypto for altruism but for making money, how can we incentivize founders to create useful stuff?

But before that, the first question is, where’s innovation really needed?

Why are we really here?

When Bitcoin was created back in 2009, it was conceived to simply allow people to transact with each other using this new concept of cryptocurrency.

It was — and to great extent still is — an application-specific blockchain; it only has one use which is to send money to each other.

A few years later, people realized that blockchains could also be used for other applications.

For that matter, Ethereum was conceived as a distributed computer, allowing any application to run on top of a blockchain. Thus, Ethereum became the first general-purpose blockchain.

In layman’s terms, a blockchain that could run code.

Unsurprisingly, this gave rise to a flourishing ecosystem of applications and signaled the beginning of many trends we know today, such as DeFi, or NFTs.

But if creating your own blockchain and cryptocurrency can be much more profitable, why deploy your app on top of Ethereum and not create your own?

It all comes down to security

Blockchain’s main selling point is security, as distributed systems have no single point of failure and are also very hard to hack thanks to the power of the majority.

Thus, the more distributed your network is, the more secure. This means that older blockchains like Bitcoin or Ethereum, by being much larger and distributed, are much more secure than newer ones.

Consequently, when deploying your application on top of Ethereum, your app becomes protected by Ethereum’s security.

On the other hand, if you create a new blockchain to run your application, that blockchain can be easily tampered with the proper amount of resources.

Therefore, deploying your app in a consecrated chain like Ethereum is a no-brainer.

However, the choice isn’t always that easy.

Going old also has its drawbacks

Deploying on Ethereum forces you to adapt to it, to its constraints. This means that, besides the fact that it’s not that scalable, there are certain rules that need to be followed.

The application needs to follow the rules of the distributed computer — for instance, you can’t run an iOS app on an Android phone — and other innovative approaches to consensus or data storage are also hard-capped.

These constraints, in some cases, force these projects to look elsewhere in another blockchain that fits better, or simply create their own, with the security trade-offs that entails.

We can see this with an example:

Blockchain gaming requires high performance for online gaming.

In other words, they need to run on blockchains with high performance. For Crypto-gaming projects, deploying on Ethereum forces them to “share” blockspace with thousands of other projects.

What this means is that all applications on Ethereum compete with one another to have their transactions validated by the blockchain, which in times of high demand pushes up fees and also increases validation times.

It’s not that they don’t want to benefit from Ethereum’s security, it’s just that they simply can’t.

Hence, we run into a conundrum: how can these applications benefit from Ethereum’s security while having the freedom and capacity to create projects with higher scalability requirements, and while still having an economic incentive to do so?

Look no further, as I have the answer for you.

The future of blockchain architecture

In the end, Bitcoin and Ethereum were right.

Keeping it simple is the way to go.

Albeit sacrificing speed and latency, the developers in both blockchains stayed committed to small block spaces. That is, the number of transactions fitting in each block is relatively small in comparison to other blockchains.

Naturally, this means that for a transaction to be inserted into a block for approval, the time it takes lengthens with demand, which is why they are the two slowest blockchains of them all.

But why take such a counterintuitive stance?

Easy. To stay decentralized.

Decentralization and performance aren’t friends

If you increase block space to be capable of validating more transactions per second, the physical computers required to run the network become much more complex and expensive to run, which in turn fosters centralization as only a few people/entities are capable of committing such resources.

Simply put, blockchains can’t be fast and distributed at the same time.

All the innovations that, over the years, came to Crypto bringing higher performance than Ethereum or Bitcoin, always did it at the expense of centralizing their blockchains, which defeats their purpose in the first place.

So, how can we create a blockchain architecture that is very decentralized and also very scalable?

The word you’ve been waiting for this whole article, modularity.

Blockchains are fairly simple in concept

It’s ironic if you think that one of the most complex technologies ever, the blockchain, actually does just a few things.

In fact, they only do one.

Blockchains order transactions and validate them through consensus.

That’s it. The process is simple in nature:

  • Bob sends a transaction to Alice
  • This transaction goes into a pool of pending transactions
  • Nodes pack these pending transactions into a block and the chosen node proposes the block they want to introduce (this process differs between proof-of-work blockchains like Bitcoin and proof-of-stake blockchains like Ethereum)
  • The rest of the nodes download the complete block and, by having a complete history of all transactions, run the new ones to check they are valid
  • If a consensus is reached, the block is accepted and all nodes include it as the newest block in the chain, updating the state.

Also, as proven by Bitcoin and Ethereum, base layers must stay simple to stay decentralized. But nobody said base layers should perform these three actions at once.

Which begs the question, what happens if these actions are performed by different systems?

What happens is something almost magical.

Keep it simple, stupid

In simple terms, modularity is the process of separating consensus, DA, and execution into separate layers to allow the combined architecture to have high performance while staying decentralized.

In other words, by detaching these components, they are ‘free’ to grow without the constraints that the other two impose.

This, in my opinion, is the unequivocally-certain future of blockchains.

And what are the elements that form this futuristic architecture?

These are:

  1. A consensus layer, including a consensus algorithm, the process by which nodes validate transactions and agree on the new state of the chain
  2. A Data availability (DA) layer, as blockchain’s deterministic nature — all nodes arrive at the same answer (state) if they perform the same operations — forces nodes to possess the complete transaction history to check if transactions are valid
  3. An execution layer, layer capable of running code and executing complex transactions. Research points out to zero-knowledge rollups as the ideal solution for this matter.

The magical secret?

In these architectures, while having no apparent security trade-offs as transactions are still settled in the base layer (they inherit its high security), and block space is extended by executing transactions outside the base layer (faster performance) all the while allowing base layers to stay very decentralized as the requirements to be a node are lightened by smaller storage requirements, you achieve… the ultimate blockchain architecture.

Examples of projects following this trend

Already, many researchers and developers have realized this is the future of Crypto, with examples like:

  • BitDAO, one of the biggest DAOs in the world, has partnered with EigenLayer to create a system, running on Ethereum, called Mantle. This system will leverage BitDAO’s execution layer, probably a zk-rollup based on zkSync’s technology, with EigenLayer’s EigenDA, a data availability layer.
  • Celestia is a new blockchain that offers data availability and consensus in its base layer, with a powerful abstraction layer so that any virtual machine can run on top of it. Unlike the case above, Celestia does require a set of validator nodes to provide consensus, so Celestia will require strong adoption at the base layer to ensure security.

Note: The described examples aren’t, in any case, recommended investments by the writer. Both are fairly new projects with unclear tokenomics and funding, which completely prevent any possible investment evaluation at this stage of their development unless you’re a multi-billion venture capital, which I happen not to be. Never take my word as advice.

Comments

All Comments

Recommended for you

  • Cointime May 12 News Express

    1.The number of Bittensor subnets for the AI ​​project will increase to 64, and 1024 subnets will be achieved this year2.Trader predicts Bitcoin price will reach $350,0003.vladilena.eth redeemed 1930 weETH from Zircult, suspected of selling4.Solana’s on-chain DEX transaction volume yesterday exceeded the sum of five chains including Ethereum, BSC, and Arbitrum5.RSS3 VSL locked-in amount surged in the past two days and is close to 200 million US dollars 6.The transaction volume of Club Key on friend.tech platform exceeded 1 million7.Lido has paid out more than 516,000 ETH in staking rewards, equivalent to approximately $1.51 billion8.1,000 BTC transferred from TronDAO to an unknown new wallet9.Report: Justin Sun deposited 120,000 eETH into Swell L2, worth $376 million10.1707.36 BTC have flowed out of Binance in the past 7 days

  • Xinjiang launches special campaign to combat illegal fundraising, with key areas including virtual currency, blockchain, etc.

    According to Chang'an Xinjiang Public Account, Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Corps have launched a joint special action to crack down on illegal fund-raising, with key areas including third-party wealth management, fake private equity, fake gold exchange and other traditional fields, as well as emerging fields such as virtual currency, blockchain, cultural tourism, film and television investment, and debt resolution services. It is reported that key cases include cases involving more than 100 million yuan and cases that have been criminally filed for more than five years.

  • A British court has postponed the final sentencing of Wen Jian, a British-Chinese national involved in the country's largest Bitcoin money laundering case, until May 24.

    On May 11th, it was reported that Jian Wen, a 42-year-old British Chinese citizen, was found guilty of "participating in arranging money laundering" in the UK's largest Bitcoin money laundering case. He could be sentenced to up to 14 years in prison. Jian Wen's defense lawyer, Mark Harries, stated that due to the judge's busy schedule, the UK court has postponed Jian Wen's final sentencing, which was originally scheduled for May 10th, to May 24th.

  • Web3 startup Star Nest completes $6 million in Pre-A round of financing

    Hong Kong Web3 music startup Star Nest announced that it has completed a $6 million Pre-A round of financing, led by Chuangqi International Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hong Kong Stock Exchange-listed company Guofu Innovation. Star Nest will collaborate with Armonia Meta Chain to develop the Star Nest SpaceStar metaverse game, which includes music, role-playing, and social features.In addition, Star Nest plans to launch its NEST project in the third quarter of 2024. Nest will receive 2.1 billion NEST tokens tailored for the project, and Star Nest will use the NEST token to build a more complete music industry token economic system. The NEST token will be widely used for purchasing performance tickets, chain game cooperation, metaverse consumption, governance voting, and other activities.

  • Over $594 million worth of PYTH is staked

    According to Dune data,  there are currently 1,201,167,362 PYTH tokens in the staked state, with a total staked value exceeding $594 million. The number of PYTH stakers has reached 151,211.

  • US Department of Justice: Tornado Cash indictment has nothing to do with "free speech"

    On May 11th, the US Department of Justice explained why the motion to dismiss the criminal case against Tornado Cash founder Roman Storm was invalid. The Department of Justice reiterated that their indictment was not related to whether the Tornado Cash computer code had freedom of speech or was protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution. The defendant was not charged for publishing computer code, but for using it to facilitate profitable illegal activities.

  • USDC circulation decreased by $100 million in the past week, with a total circulation of $33 billion

    According to official data,as of May 9th, Circle has issued approximately $2 billion USDC and redeemed approximately $2 billion USDC in the past 7 days, with a decrease in circulation of approximately $100 million. The total circulation of USDC is $33 billion, with a reserve of $33.1 billion, including approximately $3.3 billion in cash and Circle Reserve Fund holding approximately $29.8 billion.

  • SEC rejects Coinbase's request for appeals court ruling on cryptocurrency rules

    The US SEC has rejected Coinbase's request to appeal to the court to review whether traditional securities rules are applicable to cryptocurrencies. In its application, Coinbase stated that it hoped the appeals court would consider whether the Howey test, which has long been used for securities evaluation, should be applied to digital assets. However, the SEC pointed out that Coinbase has not successfully demonstrated the need for such an evaluation. The SEC stated that Coinbase is attempting to create a "new legal test," but this attempt was rejected by the court. The court found that Coinbase's arguments lacked consistency and did not successfully demonstrate the existence of decisive issues. Currently, the judge responsible for hearing the SEC's case against Coinbase will make a ruling on Coinbase's intermediate appeal motion.

  • Blockchain Asset Management announces launch of a dedicated blockchain fund for accredited investors

    Blockchain Asset Management, a cryptocurrency fund with a scale of $100 million, announced the launch of an exclusive blockchain fund for qualified investors. The specific amount of funds raised by the fund has not been disclosed yet, but it is said to have reached "eight figures", which means it is in the tens of millions of dollars. In addition, the investment threshold for the new fund is $100,000, and all investors are required to meet the approved standards (annual income exceeding $200,000, net assets exceeding $1 million).

  • Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Secretary: Welcome Standard Chartered to establish more new institutions, new businesses and new platforms such as blockchain in Shanghai

    Chen Jinong, the Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, met with Weihao Si, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Standard Chartered Bank, and Mark William D'Arcy, the Executive Director, and some members of the Board of Directors yesterday morning. Chen Jinong stated that he welcomes Standard Chartered Bank to leverage its own advantages, strengthen strategic connections, place more new institutions, businesses, and platforms such as wealth management and blockchain in Shanghai, focus on deepening pragmatic cooperation in technology finance, green finance, digital finance, and create more application scenarios, and provide comprehensive and professional service support for enterprises to go abroad.