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Bitcoin has had a remarkable journey since its inception in 2009, from its early days as a niche digital currency to the launch of the Bitcoin Spot ETF in 2023 which marked a significant milestone in turning Bitcoin into a mainstream asset class. Now institutional investors are able to gain exposure to the world's largest cryptocurrency with ease and BiTC net inflows have already surpassed $1B as of March 15, 2024. 

Source: TheBlock

In fact, ever since the BTC ETF was created, the net BTC inflows have been higher than the amount of BTC mined. For example, in the first week of March, the BTC ETF inflows equaled 33,000 Bitcoin, while Bitcoin miners produced 6300 BTC, showing that demand is outpacing supply significantly. 

Source: Bloomberg

Additionally, BTC reserves in exchanges continue to dwindle, likely sitting on-chain in self-custodial wallets. The drop in BTC on exchanges has often been viewed as a bullish signal. 

Source: CryptoQuant

To top things off, the upcoming halving event in 2024 is happening in April 20, 2024, or roughly 30 days later as of this writing. This will halve the rate at which new bitcoins are mined, which is likely to further exacerbate the supply-demand imbalance, driving prices even higher. 

Source: https://watcher.guru/bitcoin-halving

For miners, the halving also means that their cost per bitcoin will increase. The cost of BTC production has often acted as a lower boundary of Bitcoin’s price range, or aka price floor,  as miners are not able to sustainably sell below this level. Bitcoin's current production cost is estimated to be about $18,000 to $21,000. According to CoinShares research, the average cost of production is estimated to be around $38k after the halving, rising bitcoin’s floor price. 

Source: Coinshares

All these factors have no doubt helped Bitcoin’s price finally achieve an all time high after roughly 850 days, now hitting over $1.3 trillion in market cap. With BTC outperforming most other cryptocurrencies, this has led to BTC continuing to dominate mindshare.

However, despite its meteoric rise, Bitcoin's underlying technology has faced criticism for its limited programmability and scalability. Furthermore, with BTC ETFs growing market share rapidly, there are concerns of BTC centralization, turning Bitcoin into a controlled asset within the traditional financial system. 

Could this be Bitcoin’s DeFi summer, awakening this sleeping giant and turn into something more productive while furthering its decentralization? 

This is where Bitcoin Layer 2 (L2) solutions come into play. There are now numerous Bitcoin L2 protocols aiming to improve upon Bitcoin's capabilities by introducing additional features and functionalities without compromising the core principles of decentralization and security. 

In the following sections, we will explain what a Bitcoin L2 is, the problems it is solving, comparing the different Bitcoin L2s, and exploring possible future use cases and risks that Bitcoin L2 faces